A. THE EARLY LIFE COMES and development COMMUNITY HUMAN AND INDONESIA.With
the help of the science of geology (the study of Earth's crust) the
development of the initial formation of the earth up to now, divided
into several times, namely:a. Azoikum age (no life)This
era lasted for about 2500 million years, the state of the earth is
still not stable and are still hot because it is in the process of
formation. therefore at this time there are no signs of life.
b. Paleozoic age (oldest living)This era lasted about 340 million years, the state of the earth is still not stable and still evolving. However, towards the end of this era began there were signs that the life of single-celled animals, small animals are invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles and some plant species of algae. That is why today is also called the era of primary (first life time).
c. Mesozoic era (mid life)This era is estimated at around 140 million last year, at this age of life has been progressing very rapidly. Large trees appear, amphibians have evolved, reptiles and even reached the form of a very big like a dinosaur tyrannosaurus, brontosaurus, atlantosaurus.There is also a reptile species that have wings and can fly for hours, this type is called a Pterodon. This era is called the secondary era (the life-2), there is also a mention of this era in terms of age of reptiles, as animals are dominated by reptiles with a very large form. At the end of this era began to emerge of mammals.
d. Neozoikum age (young life)This era is estimated at around 60 million last year, this time divided into Tertiary age (life to-3) and quarter (the life-4). at this age have improved the state of the earth, climate change is not so large and rapidly growing life.
A. Tertiary ageAt the tertiary era, began to disappear giant reptiles, mammals developed rapidly, being a type of monkey primate from there then appears an orangutan species about 10 million years ago appears primate animal species larger than the so-called Giganthropus Gorilla. These animals are spread from Africa to South Asia, but later became extinct. At that time the island of Borneo is still united with the continent of Asia, as proof of an ancient type of pig (choeromous) of this era were also found in mainland Asia.
2. Age quarterLasts about 600 thousand years, the mark with signs of human life. This era is divided into age diluvium (pleistocen) and age alluvium (holocen).
3. Diluvium era lasted about 600 thousand years ago, began to emerge early human life. This era also called glacial period (ice age) due to melting Arctic ice cap that covers parts of northern Europe, northern Asia and North America.At this time of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan are still united with the mainland of Asia, while the eastern Indonesia to Australia. The melting of polar ice caps have resulted in the Indonesian islands separated by sea with Asia and Australia. Former mainland Asia is now the seabed called Sunda exposure, while the former mainland Australia are submerged in the sea water called Sahul exposure, two exposures are separated by Zone Wallace (wallace line).At this time the animals such as woolly mamouth (huge woolly elephant) to survive. While a thin feathered migrating to the tropics. Movement of animals from mainland Asia to Indonesia is divided into two paths. First through Malaysia to Sumatra and Java, both through Taiwan, Filipinos to Borneo and Java.At this time there is also movement of people from mainland Asia to Indonesia, the Pithecanthropus Erecrus (discovered in Trinil) with the same Sinanthropus pekinensis. Similarly, the results of the many cultures Pacitan found in China, Burma, Malaysia. Homo Wajakensis who became the ancestor of the Austroloid were also spread from Asia to Australia and the South to reduce Australia's indigenous aboriginal peoples.Age alluvium, at this time of the Indonesian archipelago has been formed and no longer united with Asia and Australia. The first type of human migration from Asia to Indonesia is gone and replaced by intelligent human species (homo sapiens).
2. CHRONOLOGY OF HUMAN BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANCIENT INDONESIAPrehistoric human life can be known through a variety of fossils. based on human research has had the ability to develop life, although still very modest and limited thinking abilities. Here are some discoveries of early human fossils in Indonesia:Here are some discoveries of early human fossils in Indonesia.
Paleo Meganthropus javanicusThis means that the oldest Java man large man, who lived in Java around 2-1 million years ago. This human body has a biological characteristic large, prominent forehead, cheek bones thick, hefty jaw, the main food plants and fruits, food gathering way of life (food gathering). Ralph von Koenigswald found fossils of a human lower jaw of this species at Sangiran (valley solo) in 1941.
PITECHANTHROPUSDefined by the ape-men, most fossils found in Indonesia. They live by hunting and food gathering. Pitechanthropus divided into several types: pitechanthropus mojokertensis, robustus, and erectus.Pitechanthropus mojokertensis fossil was discovered by von Koenigswald in 1936, in the shape of the skull of children aged 5 years in Mojokerto (Solo River valley). Lived about 2.5 to 2.25 million years ago. Characteristics - biological characteristics such as: prominent fore face, forehead thick and strong cheekbones.Pitechanthropus robustus fossils found by Wiedenreich and Koenigswald at Trinil (Ngawi, East Java) in 1939. Biological characteristics similar to Pitechathropus mojokertensis, Koenigswald even consider it is still of the same type.Pitechanthropus erectus (upright walking ape-man), fossils found by Eugene Dubois in Trinil (Ngawi, East Java) in 1890. They live about 1 million to 600 thousand years ago. Biological traits rather small stature, well-built body, strong chewers, brain volume 900 cc, the ability to think is still low. Jakob Teuku opinion, this man has been able to speak.
HOMOHomo Soloensis, fossils discovered between 1931 -1934 by von Koenigswald, Ter Haar and Oppemoorth along the Solo River valley. Soloensis Homo, which lived between 900-200 thousand years ago. Biological traits including body shape upright, not prominent forehead. According to Koenigswald, this type of higher level of Pitechanthropus Erectus.
Homo Wajakensis, fossils found by Dubois Rietschoten and between the years 1888-1889 in the village Wajak (Tulung Great). Biological characteristics: high reach 130-210 cm, weight about 30-150 kg, volume of the brain up to 1300CC. They live with a food that has been cooked, although in a very simple form.
b. Paleozoic age (oldest living)This era lasted about 340 million years, the state of the earth is still not stable and still evolving. However, towards the end of this era began there were signs that the life of single-celled animals, small animals are invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles and some plant species of algae. That is why today is also called the era of primary (first life time).
c. Mesozoic era (mid life)This era is estimated at around 140 million last year, at this age of life has been progressing very rapidly. Large trees appear, amphibians have evolved, reptiles and even reached the form of a very big like a dinosaur tyrannosaurus, brontosaurus, atlantosaurus.There is also a reptile species that have wings and can fly for hours, this type is called a Pterodon. This era is called the secondary era (the life-2), there is also a mention of this era in terms of age of reptiles, as animals are dominated by reptiles with a very large form. At the end of this era began to emerge of mammals.
d. Neozoikum age (young life)This era is estimated at around 60 million last year, this time divided into Tertiary age (life to-3) and quarter (the life-4). at this age have improved the state of the earth, climate change is not so large and rapidly growing life.
A. Tertiary ageAt the tertiary era, began to disappear giant reptiles, mammals developed rapidly, being a type of monkey primate from there then appears an orangutan species about 10 million years ago appears primate animal species larger than the so-called Giganthropus Gorilla. These animals are spread from Africa to South Asia, but later became extinct. At that time the island of Borneo is still united with the continent of Asia, as proof of an ancient type of pig (choeromous) of this era were also found in mainland Asia.
2. Age quarterLasts about 600 thousand years, the mark with signs of human life. This era is divided into age diluvium (pleistocen) and age alluvium (holocen).
3. Diluvium era lasted about 600 thousand years ago, began to emerge early human life. This era also called glacial period (ice age) due to melting Arctic ice cap that covers parts of northern Europe, northern Asia and North America.At this time of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan are still united with the mainland of Asia, while the eastern Indonesia to Australia. The melting of polar ice caps have resulted in the Indonesian islands separated by sea with Asia and Australia. Former mainland Asia is now the seabed called Sunda exposure, while the former mainland Australia are submerged in the sea water called Sahul exposure, two exposures are separated by Zone Wallace (wallace line).At this time the animals such as woolly mamouth (huge woolly elephant) to survive. While a thin feathered migrating to the tropics. Movement of animals from mainland Asia to Indonesia is divided into two paths. First through Malaysia to Sumatra and Java, both through Taiwan, Filipinos to Borneo and Java.At this time there is also movement of people from mainland Asia to Indonesia, the Pithecanthropus Erecrus (discovered in Trinil) with the same Sinanthropus pekinensis. Similarly, the results of the many cultures Pacitan found in China, Burma, Malaysia. Homo Wajakensis who became the ancestor of the Austroloid were also spread from Asia to Australia and the South to reduce Australia's indigenous aboriginal peoples.Age alluvium, at this time of the Indonesian archipelago has been formed and no longer united with Asia and Australia. The first type of human migration from Asia to Indonesia is gone and replaced by intelligent human species (homo sapiens).
2. CHRONOLOGY OF HUMAN BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANCIENT INDONESIAPrehistoric human life can be known through a variety of fossils. based on human research has had the ability to develop life, although still very modest and limited thinking abilities. Here are some discoveries of early human fossils in Indonesia:Here are some discoveries of early human fossils in Indonesia.
Paleo Meganthropus javanicusThis means that the oldest Java man large man, who lived in Java around 2-1 million years ago. This human body has a biological characteristic large, prominent forehead, cheek bones thick, hefty jaw, the main food plants and fruits, food gathering way of life (food gathering). Ralph von Koenigswald found fossils of a human lower jaw of this species at Sangiran (valley solo) in 1941.
PITECHANTHROPUSDefined by the ape-men, most fossils found in Indonesia. They live by hunting and food gathering. Pitechanthropus divided into several types: pitechanthropus mojokertensis, robustus, and erectus.Pitechanthropus mojokertensis fossil was discovered by von Koenigswald in 1936, in the shape of the skull of children aged 5 years in Mojokerto (Solo River valley). Lived about 2.5 to 2.25 million years ago. Characteristics - biological characteristics such as: prominent fore face, forehead thick and strong cheekbones.Pitechanthropus robustus fossils found by Wiedenreich and Koenigswald at Trinil (Ngawi, East Java) in 1939. Biological characteristics similar to Pitechathropus mojokertensis, Koenigswald even consider it is still of the same type.Pitechanthropus erectus (upright walking ape-man), fossils found by Eugene Dubois in Trinil (Ngawi, East Java) in 1890. They live about 1 million to 600 thousand years ago. Biological traits rather small stature, well-built body, strong chewers, brain volume 900 cc, the ability to think is still low. Jakob Teuku opinion, this man has been able to speak.
HOMOHomo Soloensis, fossils discovered between 1931 -1934 by von Koenigswald, Ter Haar and Oppemoorth along the Solo River valley. Soloensis Homo, which lived between 900-200 thousand years ago. Biological traits including body shape upright, not prominent forehead. According to Koenigswald, this type of higher level of Pitechanthropus Erectus.
Homo Wajakensis, fossils found by Dubois Rietschoten and between the years 1888-1889 in the village Wajak (Tulung Great). Biological characteristics: high reach 130-210 cm, weight about 30-150 kg, volume of the brain up to 1300CC. They live with a food that has been cooked, although in a very simple form.
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